Rashi
Classic 11th-century commentary known for its concise and clear explanations and considered a key resource in studying Talmud.
Rashbam
12th-century commentary by Rashi’s grandson, printed in place of Rashi’s commentary on most of Bava Batra and alongside Rashi on the last chapter of Pesachim.
Tosafot
Analytic commentary addressing textual difficulties and harmonizing conflicting passages, composed throughout the 12th and 13th centuries.
Chiddushei Ramban
Influential 13th-century analytic commentary incorporating approaches from a wide range of earlier commentators.
Rif
11th-century code that presents practical legal conclusions of talmudic passages and served later authorities as a basis for determining law.
Chiddushei HaRambam on Rosh Hashanah
Medieval commentary on Tractate Rosh Hashanah of the Babylonian Talmud, attributed to Maimonides.
Commentary of the Rosh
13th or 14th-century commentary of Rabbi Asher ben Yechiel on tractates Nedarim, Nazir, and Tamid.
Ktav Yad Rashi
Manuscript of Rashi’s 11th-century commentary on tractates Menachot and Bekhorot, included in printed editions of the Talmud.
Mefaresh on Tamid
Anonymous commentary on tractate Tamid printed in the Vilna edition in place of Rashi.
Meiri
13th-century commentary with digest-like summaries of the Talmud’s conclusions and earlier interpretations.
Mordechai
Bava Batra
13th-century commentary summarizing legal conclusions from the Talmud based on earlier authorities, considered a central work of Ashkenazi law.
Chiddushei HaRa'ah
Ketubot
13th-century Talmud commentary by R. Aharon HaLevi, student of Ramban and descendant of the Ba’al HaMaor
Piskei Tosafot
Medieval work summarizing the bottom-line legal conclusions that emerge from the Tosafists’ Talmud commentary.
Rabbeinu Chananel
First extensive Talmud commentary, compiled in the 11th-century, paraphrasing legal passages and noting their conclusions.
Rabbeinu Gershom
10th or 11th-century commentary on Ta’anit, Bava Batra, and the tractates of Seder Kodashim, among the earliest of Ashkenazi talmudic interpretations.
Ran
14th-century commentary on tractate Nedarim, printed alongside the text of the Talmud and considered the foremost commentary on the tractate.
Rashba
13th-century commentary by Rabbi Shlomo ibn Aderet, a student of the Ramban who largely followed the methodology of his teacher.
Rav Nissim Gaon
11th-century commentary by a teacher of the Rif and rosh yeshiva in Kairouan, printed alongside the Talmud in tractates Berakhot, Shabbat, and Eruvin.
Ri Migash
12th-century commentary by R. Joseph ibn Migash
Bava Batra
12th-century commentary by R. Joseph ibn Migash
Shevuot
12th-century commentary by R. Joseph ibn Migash
Ritva
14th-century commentary by Rabbi Yom Tov ben Avraham Assevilli, a student of the Rashba and the Re’ah.
Rosh
Influential 14th-century code presenting practical legal conclusions of talmudic passages, based on the work of the Rif.
Tosafot Chad Mikamei on Yevamot
Medieval commentary by an unknown Tosafist, printed alongside the talmudic text in the Vilna edition of the Talmud.
Tosafot HaRosh
14th-century commentary of Rabbi Asher ben Yechiel, based in large part on commentaries of the Tosafists.
Tosafot Ri HaZaken
Commentary on tractate Kiddushin erroneously published under the name of a 12th-century French Tosafist, but in fact the work of 14th-century Rabbi Avraham min Hahar.
Tosafot Rid
13th-century commentary by a prominent Italian Tosafist, who compiled several editions to some tractates and often critiqued his own earlier positions.
Tosafot Shantz
13th-century commentary attributed to the French Tosafist Rabbi Shimshon of Sens, printed alongside the text of tractate Sotah.
Tosafot Yeshanim
Additional commentary of the Tosafists, traditionally printed alongside the text of the Talmud in several tractates.
Yad Ramah
13th-century commentary of Rabbi Meir Abulafia, known by his acronym “Ramah,” a leading rabbinic figure in medieval Spain.
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